Provincial Briefing Notes
Explore the research and expert analyses that shape our environmental policy and advocacy work.
Explore Our Briefing Notes and the Research Supporting Our Work
At the Conservation Council of New Brunswick, we are committed to providing well-researched, evidence-based information to support our advocacy and policy recommendations.
This page contains a comprehensive list of references and sources used in our briefing notes, ensuring transparency, credibility, and accessibility to the research that informs our work. Whether you’re looking for scientific studies, government reports, or expert analyses, you’ll find them all here.
Modernizing New Brunswick’s Transmission Infrastructure
CCNB. (2023). Best Practices Guide for Community Engagement in Energy Projects. Conservation Council of New Brunswick. Source.
CCNB. (2022). Why do wind energy projects fail? Conservation Council of New Brunswick. Source.
Energy+Environmental Economics. (2022). Research Review: The Role of Transmission in the Context of Deep Decarbonization. Source.
International Energy Agency. (2023). Electricity Grids and Secure Energy Transitions. Source.
International Energy Agency. (2022). Unlocking the Potential of Distributed Energy Resources. Source.
NB Power. (2023). Integrated Resource Plan. Source.
US Department of Energy. (2022). Grid-Enhancing Technologies: A Case Study on Ratepayer Impact. Source.
IRENA. (2018). Power System Flexibility for the Energy Transition. Source.
Government of New Brunswick. (2023). Powering our Economy and the World with Clean Energy. Source.
Government of New Brunswick. (2024). The New Brunswick Economy 2023 in Review. Source.
SNC Lavalin T&D. (2009). Transmission and System Operator Options for Nova Scotia. Source.
NB Power. (2024). Second Quarter Report. Source.
NB Power. (2022). Second Quarter Report. Source.
Legislating a Net-Zero Mandate for New Brunswick
Auditor General of New Brunswick. (2023). Results – Audit of the Province of New Brunswick’s Financial Statements. Source.
Légis Québec. (2016). Act respecting Transition énergétique Québec. Source.
Nova Scotia Legislature. (2024). Energy Reform Act. Source.
Energy Regulation Quarterly. (2024). The Nova Scotia Energy Reform (2024) Act: A New Paradigm for Energy Regulation in Nova Scotia. Source.
Canada Electricity Advisory Council. (2024). Powering Canada: A Blueprint for Success. Source.
Government of New Brunswick. (2018). Climate Change Act. Source.
Government of New Brunswick. (2022). New Brunswick’s Climate Change Action Plan. Source.
Government of Canada. (2024). National Inventory Report 1990-2022. Source.
McKinsey. (2022). The economic transformation: What would change in the net-zero transition. Source.
Berkeley Lab. (2024). Consumer Benefits of Clean Energy: Renewable Energy. Source.
International Monetary Fund. (2024). Energy Security and The Green Transition. Source.
IRENA. (2023). Renewable Energy and Jobs: Annual Review 2023. Source.
CBC. (2023). N.B. Power’s debt, costly capital projects provoke warning from auditor general. Source.
Investing in Energy Efficiency to Tackle Energy Poverty
Human Development Council. (2024). Energy Poverty in New Brunswick. Source.
Government of New Brunswick. (2023). Additional funding to help New Brunswickers manage energy costs. Source.
International Energy Agency. (2019). Multiple Benefits of Energy Efficiency. Source.
Riva, Mylene, et al. (2021). Energy poverty in Canada: Prevalence, social and spatial distribution, and implications for research and policy. Source.
CCNB. (2023). Citizens’ Guide to Affordable Energy In New Brunswick. Conservation Council of New Brunswick. Source.
Efficiency Canada. (2024). 2024 Canadian Energy Efficiency Scorecard Summary NB. Conservation Council of New Brunswick. Source.
Government of UK. (2023). Domestic private rented property: minimum energy efficiency standard – landlord guidance. Source.
Clean Energy Canada. (2023). A Clean Bill: Making the switch to clean energy cuts carbon and cost from household energy bills. Source.
CCNB. (2023). Citizens’ Assembly on Energy Affordability. Conservation Council of New Brunswick. Source.
CCNB. (2024). Atlantic Citizens’ Assembly. Conservation Council of New Brunswick. Source.
CCNB. (2023). Declaration: Atlantic Citizens’ Assembly on Electricity Affordability. Source.
Update Energy Strategy to put New Brunswick First
Government of Canada. (2024). National Inventory Report 1990-2022. Source.
Government of New Brunswick. (2023). Powering our Economy and the World with Clean Energy. Source.
Government of New Brunswick. (2024). The New Brunswick Economy 2023 in Review. Source.
NB Power. (2024). 2023/24 Annual Report. Source.
Griffith University. (2022). Burning Forest Biomass for Energy. Source.
CCNB. (2023). Hydrogen: Good as a chemical, not as an energy source. Source.
IPCC. (2023). AR6 Synthesis Report: Climate Change 2023. Source.
CBC. (2013). Point Lepreau costs could hit $3.3B, PMO memo says. Source.
CBC. (2024). Lepreau nuclear plant back in service after second-longest outage in 40 years. Source.
Lazard. (2024). Lazard Levelized Cost of Energy+. Source.
CCNB. (2023). Shale Gas Fact Sheet. Conservation Council of New Brunswick. Source.
International Energy Agency. (2023). Net Zero Roadmap: A Global Pathway to Keep the 1.5 °C Goal in Reach. Source.
IESO. (2025). Distributed Energy Resources. Source.
CCNB. (2023). Best Practices Guide for Community Engagement in Energy Projects. Conservation Council of New Brunswick. Source.
CCNB. (2022). Why do wind energy projects fail? Conservation Council of New Brunswick. Source.
Auditor General of New Brunswick. (2023). Results – Audit of the Province of New Brunswick’s Financial Statements. Source.
Current Impacts of Glyphosate Use in New Brunswick
Albert, C. et al. (2023). The Acadian Forest of New Brunswick in the 21st century: What shifting heat and water balance imply for future stand dynamics and management. Source.
Ashley-Martin, J. et al. (2023). Urinary concentrations and determinants of glyphosate and glufosinate in pregnant Canadian participants in the MIREC study. Source.
Arizona State University. (2024). Alarming: Common herbicide linked to lasting brain damage. Source.
Betts, M. G., et al. (2024). Congruent long-term declines in carbon and biodiversity: A signature of forest degradation. Source.
Bloem, B. R., and Boonstra, T. A. (2023). The inadequacy of current pesticide regulations for protecting brain health: the case of glyphosate and Parkinson’s disease. Source.
CBC News. (2019). Grooming forests could be making fires worse, researchers warn. Source.
CNN. (2024). Bayer ordered to pay $2.25 billion after jury concludes Roundup weed killer caused a man’s cancer, attorneys say. Source.
Conservation Council of New Brunswick. (2022). Glyphosate spraying up 30% on Crown forest since 2005. Source.
Community Forests International. (2018). Climate Change- Resilience in the Acadian Forests: A Review. Source.
Government of New Brunswick. (2024). Mandate Letter – LePage. Source.
Health Canada. (2023). Glyphosate in people living in Canada. Ottawa, ON. Source.
Lehman, P. C., et al. (2023). Low-dose glyphosate exposure alters gut microbiota composition and modulates gut homeostasis. Source.
Manandhar, I. et al. (2024). The Unholy Link: The Herbicide Glyphosate Contributes to Hypertension, Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis, and Sympathetic Overdrive. Source.
Munoz, J. P., et al. (2020). Glyphosate and the key characteristics of an endocrine disruptor: A review. Source.
National Observer. (2022). Glyphosate spraying akin to “eco-genocide,” N.B. Indigenous communities say. Source.
Koski Minisky LPP. (2023). Ontario Superior Court certifies class action against Monsanto and Bayer regarding Roundup products. Source.
Quesnel Caribou Observer. (2024). Quesnel-founded forest company ceased the use of glyphosate. Source.
Stop Spraying New Brunswick. (n.d.). Glyphosate spraying information and advocacy. Source.
The Guardian. (2023). People exposed to weedkiller chemical have cancer biomarkers in urine – study. Source.
Supporting Marine Protected Area Planning
CBC. (2022). Ocean warming is changing N.B.’s fishing grounds. Will fishermen adapt? Source.
DFO. (2019). Musquash Estuary Marine Protected Area (MPA). Source.
DFO. (2023). Protection Standard for Canada’s Marine Protected Areas. Source.
DFO. (2024). Marine conservation network sites for the Scotian Shelf-Bay of Fundy Bioregion. Source.
Gulf of Maine Institute. (2024). Gulf of Maine Warming Updates. Source.
Improving Freshwater Management in New Brunswick
CCNB. (2024). 2024 Progress Report and Review. Conservation Council of New Brunswick. Source.
Government of New Brunswick. (2020). Agricultural Runoff and Nutrient Loading in New Brunswick Water Bodies. Source.
New Brunswick Climate Change Secretariat. (2021). Climate Change Impacts on New Brunswick’s Water Systems. Source.
New Brunswick Department of Environment and Local Government. (2018). A Water Strategy for New Brunswick 2018–2028. Source.
New Brunswick Department of Environment and Local Government. (2019). State of Water Quality Report. Source.
New Brunswick Department of Environment and Local Government. (2024). A Water Strategy for New Brunswick Progress Report and Five-Year Review. Source.
Province of New Brunswick. (2021). Drinking Water Quality Report. Source.
Restoring Sea-Run Fish and Rivers in New Brunswick
Ames. (2004). Atlantic Cod Stock Structure in the Gulf of Maine. Source.
CBC. (2022). Ocean warming is changing N.B.’s fishing grounds. Will fishermen adapt? Source.
CBC. (2024). Overfishing herring, other stocks in Gulf, Bay of Fundy, has critical impact on ocean health. Source.
Gulf of Maine Institute. (2024). Gulf of Maine Warming Updates. Source.
Hakai Magazine. (2024). Dammed But Not Doomed. Source.
Nedeau. (2003). The Amazing Alewife. Source.
Oceana. (2024). 8th Annual Fisheries Audit. Source.
Peskotomuhkati Nation at Skutik. (2022). Skutik Watershed Strategic Sea-Run Fish and River Restoration Plan. Source.
Portland Press Herald. (2012). The Alewives Argument. Source.
Improving Forest Management in New Brunswick
Albert, C. et al. (2023). The Acadian Forest of New Brunswick in the 21st century: What shifting heat and water balance imply for future stand dynamics and management. Source.
Betts, M. G., et al. (2024). Congruent long-term declines in carbon and biodiversity: A signature of forest degradation. Source.
Canadian Forest Service. (2021). Impacts of climate change on forests. Source.
Community Forests International. (2018). Climate Change- Resilience in the Acadian Forests: A Review. Source.
Conservation Council of New Brunswick. (n.d.). The key benefits of community forestry. Source.
Coop Media NB. (2021). New Brunswickers losing millions on forestry. Source.
Cox et al. (2023). Carbon sequestration and storage implications of three forest management regimes in the Wabanaki-Acadian Forest: A review of the evidence. Source.
Government of New Brunswick. (2023). Excellence in forest management: Understanding our system. State of the Forest Report – 2023. Source.
Government of New Brunswick. (2023). Our forests are for everyone: A long-term management strategy for health and sustainable forests. Source.
Mosseler et al. (2003). Old-growth forests of the Acadian Forest Region. Source.
Oregon State University. (2022). Bird populations in eastern Canada declining due to forest degradation, research shows. Source.
Revitalizing the Environmental Trust Fund
CBC News. (2024). Hidden consumer fees finance new bottle refund program. Source.
Government of New Brunswick. (2023). Environmental Trust Fund Impact Report. Source.
New Brunswick Environmental Network (NBEN). (2024). New Brunswick ENGOs and the Environmental Trust Fund: Survey Report of the NBEN. Source.
Strengthening Biodiversity Conservation in New Brunswick
Betts, M. G., et al. (2024). Congruent long-term declines in carbon and biodiversity: A signature of forest degradation. Source.
East Coast Environmental Law. (2024). Species at Risk Act (SARA) in New Brunswick: Final Report. Source.
Environment and Climate Change Canada. (2024). Canada’s 2030 Nature Strategy: A Pathway to Halting and Reversing Biodiversity Loss by 2030. Source.
Government of New Brunswick. (2009). Biodiversity Strategy for New Brunswick. Source.
Oregon State University. (2022). Bird populations in eastern Canada declining due to forest degradation, research shows. Source.
Health and Climate: Building a Resilient and Healthy Future
CCNB. (2019). Physical and Mental Health Impacts on Climate Change in New Brunswick. Source.
Health Canada. (2022). Climate change and health vulnerability and adaptation assessment: A Knowledge to Action resource guide. Source.
WHO. (2023). Climate Change. Source.
Human Resource Council. (2024). Energy Poverty in New Brunswick. Source.
IPCC. (2022). Sixth Assessment Report (AR6), Chapter 7: Health, Wellbeing and Changing Structure of Communities. Source.
NB HealthADAPT Project. (2022). Climate Change and Population Health Vulnerability Baseline Report: Guidelines. Source.
Transitioning to Electric School Buses: Meeting New Brunswick's 2035 Goal
Briefing Note — Transitioning to Electric School Buses: Meeting New Brunswick's 2035 Goal
Canadian Electric School Bus Alliance. (2024). Accelerating Electric School Bus Adoption in British Columbia. Source.
CCNBa. (2022). Getting more Electric School Buses on the Road in NB. Source.
CCNBb. (2022). P.E.I.’s Electric School Bus Build-Up. Source.
CCNB. (2024). Driving Towards a Healthier Future. Source.
Government of Canada. (2024). Funding supports a feasibility study for the electrification of school bus fleets in Atlantic Canada. Source.
Empowering Students through Climate Education and Outdoor Learning
CCNB. (2024). Learning Outside Website. Source.
Environment and Climate Change Canada. (2024). Toward a National Framework for Environmental Learning: Discussion Paper Spring 2024. Source.
New Brunswick Department of Education and Early Childhood Development. (2023). N.B. Curriculum, Anglophone Sector. Source.
NBEN. (2015). Great Minds Think Outside. Source.
UNESCO. (2019). Recommendations on Open Education Resources. Source.