Les marais salants sont des syst\u00e8mes dynamiques qui r\u00e9agissent aux changements induits par des
\nfacteurs naturels ou non naturels. Les marais salants peuvent par exemple r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la hausse du\u00a0niveau de la mer, soit en s\u2019\u00e9levant verticalement s\u2019il y a suffisamment de s\u00e9diments et de mati\u00e8res\u00a0organiques pour appuyer ce mouvement, soit en migrant vers l\u2019int\u00e9rieur des terres si l\u2019espace le\u00a0permet. Les marais salants confront\u00e9s aux obstacles que constituent les infrastructures (routes,\u00a0\u00e9difices, etc.) et les interventions (remplissages, brise-lames, digues) humaines sont moins en\u00a0mesure de s\u2019adapter. Ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne s\u2019appelle \u00ab l\u2019\u00e9touffement c\u00f4tier \u00bb. Cette situation provoque la\u00a0perte de marais salants et d’autres habitats c\u00f4tiers.<\/p>\n
En plus des perturbations humaines directes, les marais salants (et les autres habitats du littoral) de\u00a0l\u2019est du Nouveau-Brunswick sont menac\u00e9s par les effets indirects des influences humaines, comme\u00a0l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9vation du niveau de la mer associ\u00e9 au r\u00e9chauffement de la plan\u00e8te.<\/p>\n
Estimation relative du niveau de la mer (2000-2100) entre Escuminac et le Cap Jourimain\u00a0(Environnement Canada 2006).<\/p>\n
Selon un rapport publi\u00e9 en 2006 par Environnement Canada, les plus importantes hausses relatives\u00a0du niveau de la mer seront observ\u00e9es sur la c\u00f4te sud-est du Nouveau-Brunswick. Hanson et al. 2006\u00a0ont d\u00e9couvert que, en d\u00e9pit d\u2019une \u00e9l\u00e9vation du niveau de la mer de 25 \u00e0 32 cm au cours du dernier\u00a0si\u00e8cle, c’est la r\u00e9gion c\u00f4ti\u00e8re de Shemogue \u2013 consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e \u2013 qui a subi le\u00a0moins de changement, et ce en comparaison avec les zones c\u00f4ti\u00e8res plus d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es d\u2019Aboiteau,\u00a0de Shediac et de Cocagne. Ces recherches ont d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que ce sont les marais salants les moins\u00a0touch\u00e9s par les perturbations humaines ou par l\u2019\u00e9touffement c\u00f4tier qui ont le plus de chance de\u00a0s’adapter \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9vation du niveau de la mer.<\/p>\n
Changements observ\u00e9s dans les habitats c\u00f4tiers des r\u00e9gions de Shemogue et d’Aboiteau au sud-est\u00a0du Nouveau-Brunswick (Hanson et al. 2006)<\/p>\n
La politique de conservation des terres inond\u00e9es du Nouveau-Brunswick a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7ue pour prot\u00e9ger\u00a0les mileux humides comme les marais salants. \u00c0 partir d’informations collect\u00e9es lors d’une enqu\u00eate\u00a0men\u00e9e par le Conseil de conservation, on constate que certaines r\u00e8gles contenues dans la politique,\u00a0comme l\u2019exigence d\u2019une zone tampon de 30 m\u00e8tres entre le milieu humide et les activit\u00e9s en\u00a0d\u00e9veloppement, ne sont ni respect\u00e9es ni impos\u00e9es. Selon l’enqu\u00eate, il appara\u00eet clairement que la\u00a0zone tampon de 30 m\u00e8tres n\u2019est pas suffisante pour prot\u00e9ger les marais salants ni les zones\u00a0am\u00e9nag\u00e9es des cons\u00e9quences pr\u00e9vues de l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9vation du niveau de la mer, plus particuli\u00e8rement sur\u00a0la c\u00f4te est du Nouveau-Brunswick.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Les marais salants sont des syst\u00e8mes dynamiques qui r\u00e9agissent aux changements induits par des facteurs naturels ou non naturels. Les marais salants peuvent par exemple r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la hausse du\u00a0niveau de la mer, soit en s\u2019\u00e9levant verticalement s\u2019il y a suffisamment de s\u00e9diments et de mati\u00e8res\u00a0organiques pour appuyer ce mouvement, soit en migrant vers l\u2019int\u00e9rieur […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"parent":2249,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2254","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.conservationcouncil.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2254","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.conservationcouncil.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.conservationcouncil.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.conservationcouncil.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.conservationcouncil.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2254"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.conservationcouncil.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2254\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.conservationcouncil.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2249"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.conservationcouncil.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2254"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}